Measurement and Assessment in Teaching Essay Example for Free

Measurement and Assessment in Teaching Essay Once cargo has been packaged it must undergo standard checks at the inspection offices for goods entering or living the country through various shipping methods. The most acceptable measurement and inspection methods for the cargo are the sampling method. This method is preferred because it cares for both the quality of the products and total inspection cost. The method is generally timely, cost effective. The international standards of inspecting cargo universally agree on the use of sampling method to reduce the cost of inspection, if it were to be done on single entities. More so, there are set standards and levels of specifications on the maximum errors allowed for a product packaging, (Hunt, 1989). There are limited levels of defects and variation for the quality of product. A package should not exceed the maximum errors allowed. If the level is exceeded then the product or cargo is rendered unworthy and can not be delivered to the owners due to the defects that compromise the quality of the product. The cargo at this point is said to have failed the inspection as per the set code of standards; ISO 2859. inspection must follow the set standards regardless of whether the client request for specific tests or not. Clients are allowed to make specific test requests at will before the inspection begins, otherwise inspection will be done as stipulated. The set standards for international inspection must be adhered to by the test auditors and inspectors. Industrial standards that are legally accepted include NFK06-021/022, ANSI/ASQC Z1. 4-1993, ISO2859 (AQL Tables), DIN40. 080, ISO 14000, SA 8000, ANSI/ASQC Z1. 4/BS6001 and MIL-STD-105E/ ABC-STD 105. Each of these standards has its own specification for which industry products must have before they are packaged. The rule is that the standards must meet the social accountability and legal standards. When the commodities are found to contain any defect they may further be classified as critical, major, or minor depending on the level of contamination or the defect. Critical defect is hazardous for human consumption or it is bound to cause harm to the product’ consumer. This affects the functionality of the intended use of the product. When this kind of defect is detected it must be corrected. The product is not consumable under all circumstances and therefore it can not be shipped. It must be refined or discarded completely to avoid unsafe use of the product, (Dangerous Cargo Handling, 2008). On the other hand, major defects are those that may result in the interference of marketability of a product though not harmful in use. It may negatively affect the functionality of the product if uncorrected. Most clients may request for replacement if they are sold to these products. Minor defects entail the availability of foregone substances in the commodity such that they do not affect the functionality of the product negatively. It is expected that when this product is brought to the market it may satisfy majority needs. There are three different levels of inspection used in the international cargo inspection. They are the general inspection levels; general inspection level I, general inspection level II, general inspection level III. The most commonly used inspection level is the general inspection level II, which takes audit and quality tests on the product. There is a fourth category of inspection called the Special inspection level which is used for wider range of samples to eliminate more risks. It is used to test products that are suspected to be dangerous. General inspection level I is used for products that need less attention, it is for basic tests. General inspection level III is used for most discriminative requirements on the test samples. It uses engineering principles of testing the products’ quality. General inspection level III is time consuming and expensive though it can be used for elimination of large risk levels. 2) Interpreting the legal requirements in relation to the carriage of dangerous goods, present very different challenges for good assessment and evaluation The definition of dangerous cargo as stipulated by the international maritime law entails all substances or cargo that may harm the ship, the carriage, and other cargo that may be on board. Dangerous cargo handling required specialty and expertise to avoid hazardous events that may befall a carriage. There are examples of recent events of dangerous cargo harming the carriage. For instance, case involving major containership subject in which, â€Å"MSC Napoli† caused real destruction and pollution to the England’s South Coast. The carriage was beached on a natural beauty scene at the Coast yet on board was dangerous cargo worth million dollars. It had on board, 1700 tons hazardous cargo whose cost is over $ 100 million. All these went in to waste and caused more destruction to the environment, (Bergendorff, S. 1998). Poor containerization causes danger to many casualties. Massive explosions and fire outbursts are common with improper handling and outlawed procedures in dangerous cargo carriage. The international community has formulated laws and code of ethics regarding the international transportation system in which laws regarding handling of dangerous cargo have been clearly set out. This is aimed at minimizing or curbing poor handling and packaging of cargo at the terminals. This has in the past resulted in damages worth billions of money hence low economic growth and poor environmental conservation. The â€Å"International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, the IMDG Code,† is a formulation of codes of safety that must be adhered to by any personnel handling dangerous cargo within the international community, UAE, (IMDG, 2007). This law is designed in accordance to the UAE international convention of 1974 in which signatories were signed for â€Å"Safety of Life At Sea, SOLAS. † UAE maritime code has the provision for the carrier to destroy or remove any dangerous cargo if it deems necessary. For instance, if the cargo owner would decline ownership incase of misfortune or if there were no proper agreements for international transmanship ethics. This cargo may be destroyed without compensation. Dangerous cargo may include explosives or highly inflammable. This is according the Article 271. In addition, dangerous cargo that has been loaded with proper consultation from the carrier, and it becomes a threat to the carriage then it can be destroyed without blame on the carrier. More over, when goods which are not necessarily dangerous are packed in the carriage and are not properly declared on the bill of lading are discovered on board, they can be jettisoned to avoid damage or fines on the cargo on board. This is further aggravated by the condition of the goods; if the goods are legally prohibited for sale or export, they must be destroyed or offloaded from the cargo transit. According to the law, the shipper is held responsible for any irregularity on goods he delivers that are reflected in the bill of lading, (Government of Alberta, 2010). In other words, the shipper is responsible for giving the correct information on shipping particulars and will be answerable for any damage on the cargo on board or the carriage itself, unless he gives a timely notice on any kind of irregularity. The law requires a shipper to ship only those goods that they have a clear consent of their level of toxicity and nature for which the carrier is defined. Third party who may fall victim of damage caused dangerous cargo, according to UEA law of 1985, Article 282 the civil Code shall hold the shipper responsible. This enables the shipper to ensure that they cross check their cargo and ensure that they transport only the required cargo. The shipper must ensure he does not ship wrongly described goods, since any damage caused to the cargo shall be charged on him. The law has environmental law clause concerning the protection for environment. This is found within the federal laws of UEA of 1999, â€Å"Protection and development of the Environment. † According to this law, omissions or acts that threaten the environment are punishable by the law, (Ziegler A. 2009). Criminal laws are also applicable in the cases where shipment of dangerous cargo causes death or injury to persons. The owner must ensure that they are authorized by the law to transact with the dangerous goods. In other words, international law regarding dangerous cargo shipment must be adhered to, if at all persons are to be free from blame in case of danger resulting from the shipment. The principle objective and learning instructional task in both dangerous cargo handling and assessment is to ensure that personnel dealing with shipment of different good have the basic knowledge and practical application towards quality of services and safety of the sea. The training involves important aspects like navigation, maritime laws, meteorology, and weather forecasting, watch-standing; handling small boats and ship-handling, deck operations and equipment, line handling and rope-work, communication for sails within the port, towing operations, dangerous cargo handling, attention to emergencies, storage of cargo, fire fighting and sea and is survival skills. The learning guide for cargo handling is well designed with the objective of meeting market requirements of loading and unloading of cargo. It is practice oriented with good features of on-site training to ensure advanced training for in service training and those who intend to join the shipment crew, (Fox, N. 1997). Another objective is to train staff on high technologies of cargo assessment and test procedures with the aim promoting safety and security in cargo handling. There are different principles of assessment that must be adhered to when assessing cargo. First is the type of cargo to be shipped, the type of container or package required and legal documentation of the carriage. Environmental conservation principled should be taken in to account when assessing the cargo and its package quality. Also safety of both the ship or carrier and the people involved as well as security of other cargo on board. Material labeling should be done conspicuously. Each type of cargo has its specification for packaging and secure material to use while handling it. Assessment is based on the general specifications found on the consignment and legislation regarding packaging and delivery of cargo from different origins and destinations. For instance, legislative requirements set for different cargo offer restriction to certain volumes and weights below which or above which the consignment should not be signed for transit. More over, the uses of packing material which can be recycled have become a requirement for certain types of cargo. If this is not done then the consignment may not be delivered to its destination. In addition, environmentally friendly material is requiring for packaging. Assessment tests shall only allow transit of well packaged commodities and pallets that meet the quality to be delivered for certain specifications. Packaging could be done on disposable or reusable packages for environmental safety purposes, (Devusy, et. al 1998). For instance, reusable packages may include load carrier which include flat wooden pallets, skeleton container pallets, liquid containers and universal small load carrier. The disposable packaging could include disposable pallets, disposable protective packaging, disposable liquid containers, disposable packing aids, and cardboards that are disposable. It is also required that the package be easy to clean if reusable, and easy to dispose if disposable. This packaging must be done in accordance to the environmental law. In conclusion, cargo pallet assessment and test procedures followed International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code has defined the safety procedures for packaging and transportation of cargo. Dangerous cargo has its set laws and regulation regarding test and assessment of quality and nature of the product. The law requires those handling the cargo to be careful with every step of packaging, assessment, documentation, shipment and delivery, (Batemen, et. al. 2007). It is required that environmental conservation is taken in to account since there are penalties associated with hazardous cargo that affects the environment upon mishandling or improper assessment and packaging procedures. There are objective for training those handling cargo of different natures and characteristics. Cargo characteristics must be defined in terms of quality and any defects found on the cargo must also be categorized to ensure corrections before repackaging. Generally, cargo handling is secured under the international law. References Bergendorff ,S. (1998). The Sky Came Down: Social Movements and Personhood in Mekeo Society. Oceania. Vol. 69 Batemen, S. , Mathai, M. Joshua Ho. (2007). Shipping patterns in the Malacca and Singapore Straits: An Assessment of the Risks to Different Types of Vessel: Contemporary Southeast Asia. Vol. 29 Dangerous Cargo requirements, cargo, handling Dangerous Goods: retrieved in 2010: http://web2. gov. mb. ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/d012e. php Dangerous Cargo Handling: retrieved in 29 October, 2008. http://adriamare. net/Training/courses/dangerous-cargo-handling/ Dangerous Cargo guidance Principally, Evergreen observes the IMDG. Retrieved on 01 July 2007: http://evergreen-marine. com/tbn1/html/DCGuidance. pdf Devusy, D. , Campton, P. , Hens, L. Nath B. (1998). Environmental Management in Practice; Volume 1: Instruments for Environmental Management -Vol. 1. New York: Routledge. Fox, N. (1997). Spoiled: The Dangerous Truth about a Food Chain Gone Haywire. U. S. Basic Books. Government of Alberta Ministry of transport: Dangerous Goods. Retrieve in 1995-2010. http://www. transportation. alberta. ca/519. htm Hunt, G. J. F. (1989) A Behavioral Approach to Instructional Design: A programmed Text. Plamerston North: Dunmore Press. Ziegler A. (2009). The Liability of the Contracting Carrier. Texas International Law Journal. Vol. 44

Income and Population Age Structure Essay -- Economics Income GNP Essa

Income and Population Age Structure A) Relationship between per capita GNP and population growth GNP is the value of all final goods and services produced in an economy over a period of one year. Thus per capita GNP is the division of value of goods and services available to each person in a country, i.e. it is the per head income in a country. And population growth is the rate, by which population grows in an economy. From the above drawn diagrams it can be said that the higher the population growth rate the lower the per capita GNP and vice versa. This is due to the fact that if the population increases at a faster rate the GNP will spread over a large number of people thus reducing the value of the Gross National Product per head. Similarly if the population grows at a slower rate the GNP is spread over fewer numbers of people thus increasing the value of the Gross National Product per head. To further illustrate this we can take into consideration countries like Jordan which has a relatively high population growth rate of a 4.9 and a per capita GNP of onl... Income and Population Age Structure Essay -- Economics Income GNP Essa Income and Population Age Structure A) Relationship between per capita GNP and population growth GNP is the value of all final goods and services produced in an economy over a period of one year. Thus per capita GNP is the division of value of goods and services available to each person in a country, i.e. it is the per head income in a country. And population growth is the rate, by which population grows in an economy. From the above drawn diagrams it can be said that the higher the population growth rate the lower the per capita GNP and vice versa. This is due to the fact that if the population increases at a faster rate the GNP will spread over a large number of people thus reducing the value of the Gross National Product per head. Similarly if the population grows at a slower rate the GNP is spread over fewer numbers of people thus increasing the value of the Gross National Product per head. To further illustrate this we can take into consideration countries like Jordan which has a relatively high population growth rate of a 4.9 and a per capita GNP of onl...

Merits and Demerits of the Internet Essay

The internet is a socially disruptive technology. It has changed the way we do business, communicate with each other, and even how we view the world in the short amount of time that the public has used it. From its beginning as a project of the Department of Defense to connect its computers together, the Internet is now a resource that most people in the developed world cannot live without. I myself have been affected by the internet. I am one of the 1,114,274,426 people who use the internet in its various forms. Whether by emailing my friends, or ordering a book on Amazon.com, I am a part of the â€Å"internet generation†, the generation of people who grew up with the benefits of the Internet. This paper tries to explore how the Internet has touched my life. I will try to look at both the benefits of the Internet and its drawbacks. Looking at my internet use, I see that there are primarily three ways that I use the internet; for convenience, for information and lastly for the cyber community. Convenience This has got to be the reason most everyday people use the internet, it simply makes things easier. From email to word processing, with the internet, previous tasks that are cumbersome and time-consuming are now performed effortlessly at the click of a mouse. You no longer have to write a letter by hand, affix a stamp, and then mail it afterwards waiting for not minutes but entire days just to send a letter to a friend or colleague. In the amount of time that it takes to read this sentence, I could have forwarded a chain letter to dozens if not hundreds of people in my email address book. Communication through the internet has radically changed the way we live. By the sheer simplicity and ease of sending a letter through email, we probably communicate with each other more and with greater intimacy. It has helped me keep in touch with my family members and friends at home. Even simple messages like trivial requests or a short â€Å"how are you? † reach their destination even half a world a way nearly instantaneously when I press the â€Å"send† button on my email program of choice. Aside from communication, another way that the internet has made lives easier is through electronic commerce or simply e-commerce. From this very chair I am sitting on, I buy my bus tickets, send and receive money through e-banking and even watch movies. I don’t have to move myself out of the house (or even out of this chair) to take care of my basic necessities, leaving me with more time to finish more pressing tasks. Truly, this is a way that the Internet has made my life much easier. On the other hand the internet has not only made my life easier, it has also made the lives of shady characters easier too. It has helped spread junk emails, â€Å"spyware† programs, and even computer viruses through its communication lines. My worst experience with this was a virus I got from a spam email. The virus completely ruined my laptop and made me reinstall the operating system. Even as I did this, the virus had already spread to other email addresses stored in my email address book. Another thing I noticed is that the convenience of the Internet has made me more impatient. For someone who got accustomed to email and e-commerce, I find that waiting even for very short amount of times has already become a difficult exercise for me. Being â€Å"spoiled† by the internet, I now want and expect all things to be done at cyber-speed. A much more serious effect of the Internet’s ease of communication is the creation of a new arena of crime – internet crime. I myself have had no experience with Internet crimes but that is something I don’t want to change in the near future. The convenience of the internet has equally empowered me to do my email and shopping and empowered crooks to perform felonies from credit card fraud to piracy and even identity theft. Information The internet has changed both the way we get access to information and the amount of information we can have access to. Enormous amounts of web pages are born everyday, with equally impressive search engines to quickly comb through these web pages to get the information you want. Personally, I use internet portals such as Yahoo! and Naver as they have almost everything I need, news, entertainment, weather information, dictionaries, study materials etc. Another thing about information on the internet is that unlike traditional media outlets such as newspapers, radio and TV, the internet is a duplex communication channel. The flow of information from traditional outlets only goes one-way, the TV reports on it and I view it. The internet on the other hand empowers me to voice out my opinions and get feedback on these opinions right away. However, not all information on the internet is reliable. The ease of creating a website has made information coming from â€Å"average Joes† look indistinguishable from those of learned academics and authorities. Ease of finding information on the internet has made people unwilling to do research the old way, by going to libraries and referencing known authors and peer-reviewed journals or articles. Now, they are just more likely to take as true the first results that Google or Wikipedia gives out. Also, the internet has given seedy people and organizations a free outlet to promote disreputable activities and information. Hate groups, suicidal organizations, and child pornographers have used the internet to further their agenda and reach more potential victims. I found myself in an embarrassing situation once when I accessed pornography on the internet by accident. The thing with the internet’s ease of providing information is that it makes people think less. It makes us dependent on websites and search engines instead of enforcing our research and information validation skills. It lessens creativity and makes us unable to discern which information is true or false, which fact is correct or incorrect, and what is morally good or bad. The Cyber Community The internet has truly made the world a smaller place as it enabled people to meet more individuals from different backgrounds and different parts of the world. It has created a worldwide meeting place where people could seek out people who share their interests and values. I myself am a member of this community by my blog. My blog allows me to connect to other people just as reading other peoples’ blogs give me a connection and insight into their lives. My blog also satisfies my need desire for recognition by giving me my own personal space to decorate and post my own thoughts to be seen by the world at large. Another nice thing about the cyber community is that unlike the real community, the internet gives its users a blanket of anonymity. This anonymity gives its users the freedom to express their own opinions without fear that it will reflect on them badly. Also, it allows users the freedom to talk things and or problems which could be considered socially embarrassing or taboo. On the other hand, anonymity also empowers people by protecting them from responsibility from wrongdoing. Anyone can read my blog and leave scathing and psychologically damaging comments without revealing who they really are. Also, it makes one think less of others as people are reduced to a few lines of text on a webpage or chat room. Unlike the real community, the cyber community is impersonal and has no intimacy. Another side effect of being part of the cyber community is addiction. I may be guilty of this to some degree. I tend to overuse the internet and in the continual habit of opening internet web pages. You could say that like an addict, I cannot live without the internet. Just like substance abuse, I have grown a dependence on the internet and the cyber community it brings. Conclusion In retrospect, the Internet has really changed the way I lived my life. I am exposed to plenty of empowering technologies that generations of people before me could only dream about. The world is smaller because of it and for the most part better because of it. And it is getting better all the time, newer applications that make life better through the internet are still being made at a rapid pace. On the other hand, the internet is a tool which could also be used for foul deeds. Internet users with shady interests have used the internet to cause harm and promote their foul agenda. As members of the cyber community, one needs to be wary of these things as it may leave one vulnerable to anything from damage to your computer to damaging scrutiny or even more serious crimes like identity theft. In retrospect, is the internet worth it? For me, even with its downsides, the internet is still a blessing to be treasured. It really does make my life easier and allows me to do more things that were unthinkable of even just 50 years ago. One just has to be conscious about how he or she uses the internet. As always, even on the internet, common sense should prevail and one should not forsake traditionally held values such as extending courtesy, doing proper research and others even is one is shielded by anonymity in the cyber community of the internet. References Irvine, Marthat. (2004, December 5). Youth Adopt, Drive Technological Advances. Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 31A. Staples, Brent. (2004, May 29). What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them Grow Up In Cyberspace. New York Times, , A24. Leiner, Barry M. , et. al.. (n. d. ). A Brief History of the Internet. In Internet Society. Retrieved April 22, 2007, from http://www. isoc. org/internet/history/brief. shtml. InternetWorldStats. com. (March 19, 2007). Internet Usage Statistics – The Big Picture. In Internet World Stats. Retrieved April 22, 2007, from http://www. internetworldstats. com/stats. htm. Levine, John R. , Baroudi, Carol. , & Young, Margaret Levine. (2000). The Internet for Dummies 7th edition. Foster City CA: IDG Books.

Adoption Nature Vs Nurture - 1216 Words

Eric Fraley 4th hour English 3 Mrs. Laluzerne Jan, 12, 2016 Adoption Nature vs Nurture What makes someone an unique individual? Centuries of ancestors, genetics, evolution and heredity, or is what makes someone who they are based simply on how they were raised and what sort of environment they were raised in? The idea of Nature vs Nurture was created in 1869 in a book called Hereditary Genius by Francis Galton. In his book, he explains his findings on his exploration of the inheritance and evolution of human traits. The issue and debate of and over Nature vs Nurture has been prevalent to this day. It has also been a extremely prevalent in the social debate of Adoption. The basis for nature vs nurture is the idea that people are affected either more by nature, which would be an individual s genetic makeup and heredity, or by nurture, how an individual is raised and the environment in which they grew up. Both sides of the argument are strongly backed and supported with facts and research. There is no â€Å"One or the other†, both nature and nurture are what m akes human beings who they are, but the question is not which. It is which of the two effects who an individual is the most?.... Nature is what we are born with. Every person is born preset with different/unique natural abilities and capabilities because of their DNA, adopted or not. Nature plays a bigger role than Nurture when it comes to what makes an individual unique . Weather it seems unbelievable or not,Show MoreRelatedAdoption and Nature vs Nurture1028 Words   |  5 Pages They were all adopted. Adoption plays a large role in the development of an individual. Adoption plays a role in the long time psychological debate of â€Å"nature vs. nurture†. 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